What is Handicap👩‍🦼|| What does handicap Mean🦿|| What is handicap in dis...

Definitions

The Experience of Handicapped the terms most frequently used by professionals are impairment, disability, and handicap, although there are differences of opinions over definition and usage. there is a measure of consensus over the need to divide or categorize the disabled population as an aid to inter-disciplinary communication.

Impairment

Impairment has been defined as an anatomical, pathological, or psychological disorder' which is defined and described symptomatically or diagnostically (Garrad, 1974: 142). Impairments may affect locomotion, motor activities, and sensory systems, and be medically based or of psychological origin. A more concise definition is any loss of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function (Bury. 1979: 36). Impairments may be permanent or temporary, present from birth or acquired adventitiously. It is appropriate to regard the term impairment as a neutral or objective description of the Site, nature, and severity of loss of functional capacity: An example of this would, be the graph produced as the result of audiometric testing in which hearing loss and residual capacity for sound detection are objectively expressed.

Disability

Disability refers to the impact of impairment upon the performance of activities commonly accepted as the basic elements of everyday living- walking, negotiating stairs, getting in and out of bed, dressing, feeding, using the lavatory, bathing, holding down a job or just being able to carry on a conversation. Disability can be used when an impairment, objectively defined, constitutes a hindrance to mobility, domestic routines, or occupational and communication skills.

Handicap

Handicap is a term, which has come to represent the more profound effects of impairments, and disabilities, which implicate the whole person and not just selective incapacities. Handicap in children has been seen as an impairment or a disability which for a substantial period or permanently, retards, disturbs or otherwise adversely affects normal growth, development, and adjustment to life' (Court Report, 1976: 219) and in adults 'constitutes a disadvantage for a given individual in that it limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal (depending on age sex and social and cultural factors) for that individual' (Bury, 1979 36), Handicap is, therefore, an evaluator concept in which the interaction of impairment and disability with an individual's psychological makeup, the resources available, and social attitudes affect adversely the performance of ordinary roles. Handicap is a value judgment applied by others to an impaired disabled person on the basis of failure to perform customary social roles; and of course, this value judgment the impaired-disabled person may apply to him or her, or vigorously reject. To move from impairment to handicap is to cover the distance from symptoms to social role. It is also to move from objectivity to subjectivity.

Three basic terms

Impairment

(intrinsic situations: exteriorized as functional limitations)

Disability

(objectified as activity restriction)

Handicap

(socialized as a disadvantage)